The Impact of the Iran War on Public Health
The impact of the Iran War has stretched well beyond the Middle East. Although the ceasefire briefly reopened the Straits of Hormuz, their recent closure as the expiration approaches has created uncertainty over whether peace is to come. In the midst of political and economic discussions, one important consideration is often neglected—global health.
Undoubtedly, Iranians have been impacted by United States and Israeli military operations. Strikes on oil sites in Tehran have released mass amounts of carbon dioxide and chemicals of public health concern, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, and lead. There are immediate effects from the emissions of these toxins, such as black rain and migraines, but many of the worst consequences may not be felt for years, as these chemicals result in cancers and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Compounding the health impacts from strikes, Iranians must also contend with hospitals being bombed. The World Health Organization has verified 23 attacks on Iran’s health care system with 11 on health care facilities. For patients seeking treatment, it is likely that relocations or closures will halt services. Moreover, in the aftermath of attacks, individuals may be denied urgent, life-saving medical care. The implications for Iranian civilians are severe as casualties indirectly related to strikes are likely greater than projected.
However, Iranians are not the only ones suffering the health consequences of this war. Global supply chain disruptions have extended to pharmaceuticals, particularly impacting developing countries. Operational suspensions of Gulf airlines and the Straits of Hormuz impacted 6.7% of global clinical trials, specifically drugs for cancer and heart failure. Additionally, various pharmaceutical shipments have been blocked by the war, which is especially troubling due to the time-sensitive nature of their usage. While some may feel safe due to their distance from Iran, they will begin to feel scarcity of essential pharmaceuticals.
The full consequences of the Iran War on global health will not be understood for decades. Although recent global conflicts have seen mass civilian casualties, Iran’s position as a major trading hub complicates the issue. Beyond the injuries to Iranians, other states will soon feel the health repercussions from interruptions to the global supply chain. With the ceasefire soon to end, one has to hope public health is a priority in this conflict’s resolution.